Star Wars Music Minute

TLJ 22: Combat Cacophony (Minutes 106-110 with Kyle Katarn)

The Praetorian Guards aren't messing around, and neither is John Williams! Joining me today is Kyle Katarn. Together, we attempt to break down the sensational combat scoring, sound design, and awkward aftermath in minutes 106-110 of The Last Jedi.
Discussion topics/Highlights:
The music feels suspended in air before the first lightsaber clash.
John Williams's music is just as well choreographed as the fight.
Rey's theme is stated in a steady, declarative rhythm.
DJ's line "they blow you up today, you blow them up tomorrow" might be a Battlefront II reference (specifically an attack scenario from Starfighter Assault map called Unknown Regions).
Proficiency of lightsaber fighting and how the Force is involved.
Praetorian guards! Their weapons, levels of articulation in the armor, family relationships.
John Williams's exciting combat scoring. Rather than an "aggressive dance," it sounds more disorienting, like a "horn section falling down the stairs." Comparisons to Hans Zimmer, Howard Shore, etc.
The sound of Kylo Ren's lightsaber when he impales a guard and the crackling is going through his body.
Kyle Katarn's favorite lightsaber sound in the saga is Luke Skywalker's green lightsaber in Return of the Jedi (specifically the sharp, piercing snap-hiss of the ignition)
Awkward aftermath and "the talk."
The musical silence while Rey and Kylo are talking heightens the intimacy of the scene.
Kylo Ren's insecure, vulnerable, desperate manipulation.
Kylo's "hesitant," meandering theme.
How the music underscores Kylo and Rey's discordant aims. They're a dyad moving in opposite directions.
Determined, purposeful music when Holdo gears up to take action.
Possible reasons why Rey calls Kylo "Ben" so consistently.
Themes Referenced (in order of appearance, named according to Frank Lehman's Complete Catalogue of the Themes of Star Wars): Rey 1, Kylo Ren 2 (Hesitant), Desperation
Where we are in the soundtrack: "A New Alliance"
Links & References:
Galactic Empire - "March of the Resistance" - https://youtu.be/IPaYPlcEiYg
Galactic Empire - "The Asteroid Field" - https://youtu.be/XJha78EQGwc
Star Wars Music Minute #2: Resistance Leitmotifs (TLJ Minutes 6-10) https://youtu.be/6oxbJ5MNsP4
Frank Lehman's Complete Catalogue of the Themes of Star Wars: https://franklehman.com/starwars/
Kyle Katarn:
Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/ky1ekatarn
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCb8X1bh7GNenZizQtypmUBw
Twitter: https://twitter.com/Ky1eKatarn
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ky1ekatarn/
Connect with Star Wars Music Minute:
Watch us on YouTube: youtube.com/starwarsmusicminute
Twitter: @StarWarsMusMin and @chrysanthetan
Instagram: @starwarsmusicminute and @chrysanthetan
Email podcast@starwarsmusicminute.com
Want more? Check out Chrysanthe's Patreon for weekly practice/composing/music analysis livestreams.

TLJ 21: Dirtiest Lightsaber in the Galaxy (Minutes 101-105 with Pete the Retailer)

DJ's a snake, Snoke is sliced, and stormtroopers march to the beat of the spacecraft motif. Best of all, Pete the Retailer from Star Wars Minute is here with me to discuss the sounds in minutes 101-105 of The Last Jedi.
Discussion topics/Highlights:
The stormtroopers' diegetic footsteps.
Force theme vs. Resistance March vs. Droid Invasion/Trade Federation theme from The Phantom Menace.
What defines a theme? (it's not always the notes!)
KYLO REN'S LIGHTSABER. It's so dirty and dangerous-sounding.
Kylo's Force rumble is a cat purr pitched and slowed down by The Force Awakens' supervising sound editor Dave Acord.
The Force theme's multiple sections and when each of them tend to be used.
The way some parts of Star Wars scores become fused in our memory with the dialogue.
Set pieces vs. leitmotifs vs. incidental motifs
Standout themes to keep an ear out for in The Last Jedi
Pete has a question about Return of the Jedi...
Themes Referenced (in order of appearance):
Resistance March (leitmotif)
March Onboard Spacecraft (incidental)
Snoke's Boudoir (incidental)
Force (leitmotif)
Where we are in the soundtrack: "A New Alliance"
Links for Things Mentioned:
"Han Solo Returns (At the Court of Jabba the Hutt)" by John Williams from Return of the Jedi: https://youtu.be/jjyhuWhOJQw
"The Droid Invasion and the Appearance of Darth Maul" by John Williams from The Phantom Menace: https://youtu.be/JP-Phg1hey0
Kylo Ren’s Sound in The Force Awakens Was a Purring Kitty: https://dorksideoftheforce.com/2016/02/04/kylo-rens-sound-in-the-force-awakens-was-a-purring-kitty/
Complete Catalogue of the Musical Themes of Star Wars (by Frank Lehman): https://franklehman.com/starwars/
Pete the Retailer Links:
Website: https://petetheretailer.com/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/PeteTheRetailer
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/peterbonavita/
Star Wars Minute: https://starwarsminute.com
ABCD:TOS (podcast covering every episode of Star Trek: The Original Series alphabetically)- https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/abcd-tos/id1531020539
ABCDevo (podcast covering the entire catalog of Devo alphabetically) - https://abcdevo.com
AlphaBeatical (podcast covering the entire song catalog of The Beatles alphabetically) - http://www.alphabeatical.com/
Connect with Star Wars Music Minute:
Watch us on YouTube: youtube.com/starwarsmusicminute
Twitter: @StarWarsMusMin and @chrysanthetan
Instagram: @starwarsmusicminute and @chrysanthetan
Email podcast@starwarsmusicminute.com
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TLJ 20: Palpatine’s Musical Legacy (Minutes 96-100 with Justin Scheid)

Not to be musical conspiracists, but why do we hear the Emperor's theme when Rey is with Snoke? Musician/sound designer Justin Scheid joins me to discuss this pressing matter. We break down the music in that visceral scene, talk about the sound design of Force telekinesis, and follow some crusty Palpatine breadcrumbs. Music works in mysterious ways, some of them more practical than you'd think.
Discussion topics/Highlights:
fortepiano: a sudden dynamic change in which the music is played loudly (forte), then immediately softly (piano): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortepiano_(musical_dynamic)
_mute_: something you put in or on an instrument to suppress part of the sound. Can also be used as a verb or adjective. (ex. muted trumpet)
How the "Main Title" theme morphed from being associated just with Luke to being more of a general hero theme.
When Leia appears from the mist/fog, is that a callback to A New Hope? More importantly, is the amount of smoke/fog/mist that pours in during someone's grand entrance proportional to how evil they are?
Awesome sound design of Force telekinesis (push, pull, lift, throw, etc).
Daisy Ridley's impeccable scream.
Snoke's theme is not exactly a head banger.
Sith themes tend to be low, slow, and use human voice (whether singing or whispering)
Musical conspiracies.
Analysis/interpretation of the Snoke/Rey moment. Screechy, dissonant violin notes add visceral tension to the low-pitched Emperor's theme when Rey is being lifted.
Is the Emperor's theme appearance a coincidence, or did John Williams know something we didn't? It could have been added in post-production (not by Williams). It could have been a leftover from the temp track (not Williams). Nevertheless, the Emperor's legacy fits in here regardless of the future bloodline connection.
John Williams's sometimes surprising sense of rhythm and meter.
Themes Referenced (in order of appearance): Tension (Generic), Main Title, Force, Desperation, Emperor
Where we are in the soundtrack: Part of "A New Alliance"
Links for Things Mentioned:
SWMM #4: Surround Sound Snoke (TLJ Minutes 16-20): https://youtu.be/HhZSOvPHcRc
SWMM #5: Luke's Music Video (TLJ Minutes 21-25): https://youtu.be/H-up7wksfDY
SWMM #2: Resistance Leitmotifs (TLJ Minutes 6-10): https://youtu.be/6oxbJ5MNsP4
SWMM #13: Timpani In, Timpani Out (TLJ Minutes 61-65): https://youtu.be/xYCmva_7Glc
SWMM #17: Yoda's Neapolitan Chord (TLJ Minutes 81-85): https://youtu.be/GELc54BQVqU
SWMM #1: From a Cellist's POV (The Last Jedi Minutes 1-5): https://youtu.be/nHrblao5iWk
SWMM #16: Mirror Cave vs. Magic Tree (TLJ Minutes 76-80): https://youtu.be/-ztVED0Dos0
Frank Lehman's Star Wars Thematic Catalogue: https://franklehman.com/starwars/
Bad Batch Music Commentary: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE4n8ygyS0MI9s-a1nJOMYqpE8G_tlxLW
Justin Scheid Links:
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCrlciBsEZTCnF7uK3S1NBXw
Rain Goat Music on SoundCloud: https://soundcloud.com/rain-goat-music
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/jcscheid/
Connect with Star Wars Music Minute:
Watch us on YouTube: youtube.com/starwarsmusicminute
Twitter: @StarWarsMusMin and @chrysanthetan
Instagram: @starwarsmusicminute and @chrysanthetan
Email podcast@starwarsmusicminute.com
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TLJ 19: Trombone Stings (Minutes 91-95 with Adam Liebreich-Johnsen)

Beethoven once called the trombone the "voice of God," but how does this low brass instrument factor into the music of The Last Jedi? From stings to stabs, pads, and more, trombonist Adam Liebreich-Johnsen explains various trombone textures and talks about the role of low brass in Star Wars scores. This set of Last Jedi minutes happens to have one of his favorite low brass moments!
Discussion topics/Highlights:
The various trombone colors, textures and other brass textures used in the score: block chords, French horn stings, trumpet stings, etc
"sting" = an accented hit that's often an interjection between other musical phrases. This is a common way to refer to that in jazz and commercial circles.
"stab" = similar to a sting.
The infamous iron (a reference to fan film "Hardware Wars")
Sounds favs: blasters being cocked, the iron steaming, BB-8 imitating the melodic mouse droids
"through-composed" music = essentially (in terms of this discussion), music that's relatively continuous and non-repetitive.
NOTE: In this episode, Adam nails the definition of "through-composed" (music that doesn't repeat its sections or stanzas) while I'm a bit off (music that's more bespoke and fits more specifically to what's going on in the scene rather than relying on patterns and big main themes). Ultimately, our assessments of "through-composed" music actually line up, but in the episode, I'm admittedly describing more of an effect/my interpretation of how through-composed music affects scenes rather than the technical elements that define it. Just want to clear that up!
Bass (singing) sub-harmonics
parallel and planar motion, specifically the planar triads we hear in one part during these minutes
Real trombones vs. in sample libraries
Themes Referenced (in order of appearance):
Main Theme
Kylo Ren 2 (Hesitant)
Kylo Ren 1 (Aggressive) - hinted in oboe
Snoke's Theme
Rose's Theme
Resistance March
89. Subterfuge (incidental motif) throughout
References Mentioned:
"through-composed music" according to Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Through-composed_music
If you're into music and math and want to understand set theory, here's a good lesson: https://youtu.be/49L3hOyOKCY
"Witches' Sabbath" from Symphonie Fantasique by Hector Berlioz (awesome trombone part with Dies Irae): https://youtu.be/Q9cAyvjL9Z8
Beethoven's 9th Symphony, 4th movement (trombones don't come in until the last movement to add more bombs): https://youtu.be/tZ9NRL5Hmbo
"Tuba mirum" from Mozart's Requiem (great trombone solo): https://youtu.be/wH71cC7Lb4s
"Kyrie" from Mozart's Requiem (trombone is part of the fugue at the beginning): https://youtu.be/8ybTabIfLgY
Geoff Castellucci singing bass sub-harmonics: https://youtu.be/fzlT80jQ3lo
Switched On Bach (Wendy Carlos): http://www.wendycarlos.com/+sob.html
sackbut: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sackbut
Guest Links:
Twitter: https://twitter.com/BigBassBone
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/bigbassbone/
TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@bigbassbone
Poxy Boggards (Adam's band): http://www.poxyboggards.com
Connect with Star Wars Music Minute:
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Twitter: @StarWarsMusMin and @chrysanthetan
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TLJ 18: Diegetic Bloops (Minutes 86-90 with Blythe Kala)

Who knew the sound of fueling transports could be so satisfying? Blythe Kala joins me in a lively discussion about minutes 86-90 of The Last Jedi, featuring comedic droid beats, untranslated Wookiee words, and Rey meeting Kylo face-to-face for the first in the whole film. We also talk Rey vs. Kylo vs. Anakin's character motivations, film production tricks, and more.
Discussion topics/Highlights:
The satisfying sound of the fueling transports (ascending in pitch)
Rebel and Resistance themes (strict, military marches) versus Jedi themes (flowy, magical, bigger melodic range).
Comedic beats and sound design of BB-8
Droid and Wookiee speech are often left untranslated for the audience, leaving their sound and inflection up to our interpretation. This can be really handy when the filmmaker wants to leave things open-ended (like when Rey wants to tell Finn something)
Speculation regarding how the hologram scene with DJ was filmed
The music after Holdo orders Poe off her ship
Using green screen versus "volume" (and the cool new "volume" ILM invented for The Mandalorian)
Kylo vs. Rey vs. Anakin's character motivations
Themes Referenced (in order of appearance): Tension (Resistance in Trouble), Tension (Generic), Rey's Theme
Links to Other References:
Ezra's theme from Rebels: https://youtu.be/FhlVIgAOn5A
More about the volume used for The Mandalorian: https://techcrunch.com/2020/02/20/how-the-mandalorian-and-ilm-invisibly-reinvented-film-and-tv-production/
Complete Catalogue of the Musical Themes of Star Wars: https://franklehman.com/starwars/
Blythe Kala Links:
Twitter: https://twitter.com/BlytheKala93
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/blythekala93/
Website: https://blythekala.com/
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/BlytheKala93
Connect with Star Wars Music Minute:
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Twitter: @StarWarsMusMin and @chrysanthetan
Instagram: @starwarsmusicminute and @chrysanthetan
Email podcast@starwarsmusicminute.com
Want more? Check out Chrysanthe's Patreon for weekly practice/composing/music analysis livestreams.

TLJ 17: Yoda’s Neapolitan Chord (Minutes 81-85 with Alex Robinson)

Yoda comes bearing delicious Neapolitan and Lydian gifts! Joining me today is Star Wars Minute host Alex Robinson. We explore the harmony in this infamous scene, compare it to themes from other franchises, talk about digital technology's impact on film scoring, and discuss the artistic process.
Discussion topics/Highlights:
The Force theme with a Neapolitan chord replacing the Major IV chord.
Neapolitan chord may also be called IIb, flat two, flat II, Neapolitan 6th
Neapolitan chords in Yoda's theme, Indiana Jones theme, Superman theme
Marvel vs. Star Wars film scores
trash compactor music from A New Hope
Music as a manipulative narrative device
The effects of digital technology on filmmaking, including film scoring
Author's intent vs. audience interpretation
The Imperial March within Young Anakin's theme
The difficulty in defining artistic inspiration/process
Puppets, Muppets, Miss Piggy, Dark Crystal
Shoutouts to Pete the Retailer, Tony Thaxton, and the past week on Star Wars Minute
Themes Referenced (in order of appearance): Rey's theme, Force theme, Yoda's theme
Where we are in the soundtrack: 13. The Sacred Jedi Texts
Links Mentioned:
YouTube playlist of Star Wars Minute's corresponding episodes talking about the same minutes: Last Jedi Minutes 81-85: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE4n8ygyS0MKwlklsCBX18zZRJDlvDa6R
Star Wars Minute Rogue One Minute 101: Three Mountains: https://www.starwarsminute.com/2020/04/06/rogue-one-minute-101-three-mountains
Trouble in the Trash Compactor with Unused Score: https://youtu.be/gtRD2Vfsigg
I couldn't find a supercut of all the Luke/Ben flashbacks as they appear in the movie, but here's one with different music: https://youtu.be/LqPEPPytDzI (If anyone finds one with John Williams' music included, please send it my way!)
Alex Robinson:
Twitter: https://twitter.com/ARobTwit
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/arobtwit/
Website: https://alexrobinson.fun
Star Wars Minute: https://www.starwarsminute.com/
Godfather Minute: https://godfatherminute.tumblr.com/
Alphabeatical: https://www.alphabeatical.com/
Connect with Star Wars Music Minute:
Watch us on YouTube: youtube.com/starwarsmusicminute
Twitter: @StarWarsMusMin and @chrysanthetan
Instagram: @starwarsmusicminute and @chrysanthetan
Email podcast@starwarsmusicminute.com 
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TLJ 16: Mirror Cave vs. Magic Tree (Minutes 76-80)

Rey searches for meaning in the mirror cave on Ahch-To, but how does the music in this scene compare to that in Luke's cave scene from The Empire Strikes Back? In this episode, we compare and contrast the music and sound from these two films created 37 years apart.
Topics:
The music in Rey's cave scene in The Last Jedi vs. Luke's cave scene in The Empire Strikes Back
Similarities include (demonstrations in the episode): atonality, tone clusters, tritones, swells, tremolos, glissandi, free time, instrumentation
Differences include: presence of thematic material, tremolo vs. measured tremolo, sound design, sparseness, sense of time
Insights from the sound designer, editor, and sound effects mixer regarding putting together this scene
Themes Referenced (in order of appearance): Force Theme, Rey's Theme
Where we are in the soundtrack: 12. "The Cave"
Links Mentioned:
Post Perspective interview with Michael Semanick (Mixing SFX, Foley for Star Wars: The Last Jedi): https://postperspective.com/skywalkers-michael-semanick-mixing-sfx-star-wars-last-jedi/
Pro Sound Effects interview with Matthew Wood and Ren Klyce: https://blog.prosoundeffects.com/expanding-a-universe-inside-the-sound-of-star-wars-the-last-jedi
Frank Lehman's Complete Catalogue of the Musical Themes of Star Wars: https://franklehman.com/starwars/
Connect with Star Wars Music Minute:
Watch us on YouTube: youtube.com/starwarsmusicminute
Twitter: @StarWarsMusMin and @chrysanthetan
Instagram: @starwarsmusicminute and @chrysanthetan
Email podcast@starwarsmusicminute.com
Want more? Check out Chrysanthe's Patreon for weekly practice/composing/music analysis livestreams.

TLJ 15: Brechtian Ben Swolo (Minutes 71-75 with Takeo Rivera)

Uh oh, is that a "Dies Irae"? In minutes 71-75 of The Last Jedi, Luke makes an incipient Force connection, Rey faces her infinite reflection, and Kylo Ren definitely does not put a cowl on. Joining me today is my favorite playwright-professor, Takeo Rivera, here to suffuse my musical observations with his literary insights! We talk magical realism, postmodernism, Brecht, musical recalls, and much more.
Discussion topics/Highlights:
"Dies Irae" (Day of Wrath) melody/Gregorian chant
Magical realism in The Last Jedi
Brecht, Sophocles, postmodernism, and other literary references
John Williams didn't have spotting sessions for this film
Structures of Feeling (Raymond Williams): https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100538488
Sound details in Rey's cave reflection scene
Themes Referenced (in order of appearance): Force theme
Takeo Rivera:
Faculty page (Boston University): https://www.bu.edu/english/profile/takeo-rivera/
Academia.edu page: https://bu.academia.edu/TakeoRivera
New Play Exchange: https://newplayexchange.org/users/20558/takeo-rivera
Look out for his forthcoming book Model Minority Masochism published by Oxford University Press
(edit: It’s out now! https://global.oup.com/academic/product/model-minority-masochism-9780197557495?)
Connect with Star Wars Music Minute:
Watch us on YouTube: youtube.com/starwarsmusicminute
Twitter: @StarWarsMusMin and @chrysanthetan
Instagram: @starwarsmusicminute and @chrysanthetan
Email podcast@starwarsmusicminute.com
Want more? Check out Chrysanthe's Patreon for weekly practice/composing/music analysis livestreams.

TLJ 14: Chromatic Fathiers (Minutes 66-70 with Matt Burkey)

When the fathiers break free from their stalls, the orchestra erupts into a rambunctious brouhaha. Matt Burkey joins me on Canto Bight for this breakdown of the music and sound in minutes 66-70 of The Last Jedi.
Discussion topics/Highlights:
Glissando demonstration (like when Rose opens her ring)
The bountiful lineage of horse riding music
The musical DNA of Russian Romantic composers
What "chromatic" means in music (chromaticism, chromatic line, etc)
Sorry in advance, there's a rough sports analogy
Burkey's homework assignment
The neat little reference to one of John Williams' older scores
A comparison of the different things we (Burkey and Xanthe) notice in the music when watching a movie
John Williams and George Lucas as trendsetters
Motifs Referenced (in order of appearance): Resistance March, Rose's theme
Where we are in the soundtrack: "Who Are You?", "The Fathiers"
Music References:
William Tell Overture (Gioachino Rossini): https://youtu.be/j3T8-aeOrbg
Light Cavalry Overture (Franz von Suppé): https://youtu.be/aF5nhMIyeqI
Saber Dance (Aram Khachaturian): https://youtu.be/gqg3l3r_DRI
Night on Bald Mountain (Modest Mussorgsky, orch. Rimsky-Korsakov): https://youtu.be/iCEDfZgDPS8
Russlan and Ludmilla Overture (Milkhail Ivanovich Glinka): https://youtu.be/Nyx99YcHdIQ
Ride of the Valkyries (Richard Wagner): https://youtu.be/GGU1P6lBW6Q
The Fathiers (John Williams): https://youtu.be/lk6YaL9wg0E
The Long Goodbye (John Williams, various versions)
Jack Sheldon: https://youtu.be/dG0ykzh47q8
Singer Clydie King: https://youtu.be/vU-N2BZMvj4
The Dave Grusin Trio: https://youtu.be/NTid_tup5O0
Irene Kral, Dave Grusin Trio: https://youtu.be/aCZvZUlNxZo
Burkey:
Twitter: https://twitter.com/mr_burkey
Connect with Star Wars Music Minute:
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TLJ 13: Timpani In, Timpani Out (Minutes 61-65)

How can music and sound assist the transitions in a film? In this episode, we take 10 cuts/transitions from The Last Jedi and examine what's happening musically. Spoiler: There are lots of timpani rolls! Main Points: Terms Explained: mix, transition, crescendo, riser, volume axis vs. pitch axis, timpani, sustained, music bed, single note vs. chord 10 Transitions: 1:00:40 - Luke and Rey in Cave --> Flashback dark ext. shot of temple 1:00:48 - Dark ext shot --> Luke standing over Ben 1:00:53 - Temple crumbling --> blackout --> Luke kneeling with temple in flames 1:01:20 - Luke kneeling by R2, lip quivering "But it was me. I failed..." --> Back to POV Rey and Luke in the temple 1:02:02 - Cave Rey says "You didn't fail Kylo. He failed you. I won't." --> ext. shot of space battle stuff 1:02:18 - Ext. space battle stuff --> interior of the Supremacy 1:02:32 - int. Supremacy --> various space battle stuff 1:02:42 - Pilot looking at hologram Holdo --> Holdo looking at hologram pilot 1:03:05 - Cut to exterior of Canto Bight prison 1:03:10 - Exterior to interior of the jail. 1:04:50 - Bonus! The moment Rose and Finn decide to chase after DJ. 3 Transition Techniques: Swell Timpani in / timpani out Single sustained notes Themes Referenced (in order of appearance): Luke and Leia, Han and Leia, Imperial March (tease), Rey's theme, a Rebel fanfare? Where we are in the soundtrack: "Who Are You?" Connect with Star Wars Music Minute: Watch us on YouTube: youtube.com/starwarsmusicminute Twitter: @StarWarsMusMin and @chrysanthetan Instagram: @starwarsmusicminute and @chrysanthetan Email podcast@starwarsmusicminute.com Submit anonymous questions/comments for the show with this quick form. Want more? Check out Chrysanthe's Patreon for weekly practice/composing/music analysis livestreams and a private Discord server.